- 1547: The Scots were defeated by the English at the Battle of
                        Pinkie Cleugh, Edinburgh. The battle was sparked by English demands
                        that Edward VI, aged 10, should marry Mary Queen of Scots, aged 5.
                      - 1608: John Smith was elected president of the Jamestown council in
                        Virginia.
                      - 1776: George Washington's request for a volunteer spy was answered
                        by Nathan Hale.
                      - 1813: In the War of 1812, the Americans under Oliver Perry defeated
                        the British at the Battle of Lake Erie. Perry sent the message, "We
                        have met the enemy, and they are ours."
                      - 1913: The first U.S. paved coast-to-coast highway, the Lincoln
                        Highway, opened.
                      - 1919: The Treaty of Saint-Germain was signed by the victorious
                        Allied powers and Austria, by which parts of pre-war German Austria
                        were ceded to Italy and Czechoslovakia; Austria was forbidden to
                        unite with Germany.
                      - 1934: Television newsman Charles Kuralt was born in Wilmington,
                        N.C. (d: 1997 from lupus complications).
                      - 1939: In World War II, Canada declared war on Germany.
                      - 1940: The Germans bombed Buckingham Palace in London; Britain's
                        Royal Air Force used 476 planes to drop 100,000 bombs on
                        Duesseldorf, Germany, in a single raid.
                      - 1943: German troops occupied Rome and took over the protection of
                        Vatican City.
                      - 1953: Swanson's first "TV Dinner" was sold.
                      - 1963: After a standoff between federal troops and Gov. George
                        Wallace, 20 black students entered public schools in three Alabama
                        cities.
                      - 1967: The people of Gibraltar voted by almost 100% to retain
                        British sovereignty, rejecting Spanish rule.
                      - 1989: Hungary opened its border to the West, allowing thousands of
                        East Germans to leave in a mass exodus which led to the toppling of
                        the Berlin Wall.

                      *Happy Birthday*
                      ----------------
                      - Chris Columbus, 40, writer/director "Mrs. Doubtfire,"
                      - Jose Feliciano, 53, singer/guitarist, "Chico & The Man" theme
                      - Colin Firth, 38, actor, "Valmont"
                      - Amy Irving, 45, actress, "Crossing Delancey"
                      - Karl Lagerfeld, 60, designer, heir to the House of Chanel
                      - Arnold Palmer, 69, golfer, winner of four Masters, two British
                        Opens and a U.S. Open, two-time PGA Player of Year
                      - John Palmer, 63, newscaster/journalist, NBC News
                      - Robert Wise, 84, producer/director, "West Side Story"; Seven-time
                        Oscar-winner