- 1513: Forces of James IV of Scotland battled English troops in
    Flodden near Branxton. The Scots were heavily defeated and James IV
    was killed along with all his nobles.
  - 1753: The first steam engine arrived in the colonies.
  - 1776: The U.S. was born when the Continental Congress changed the
    name of the nation from the United Colonies to the United States.
  - 1850: The territories of New Mexico and Utah were created;
    California entered the Union as the 31st state.
  - 1861: Sally Tompkins became the only Confederate Army female
    commissioned officer.
  - 1890: "Colonel" Harland Sanders, founder of Kentucky Fried Chicken
    (now KFC), was born in Henryville, Ind. (d: 1980).
  - 1904: Mounted police were first used in New York City.
  - 1914: In World War I, the chief of the German general staff,
    Helmuth von Moltke, called off the German advance after the British
    and French counter-attacked, ending the first Battle of the Marne.
    German casualties were estimated at 800,000.
  - 1942: In one of their rare raids on the U.S. mainland, a Japanese
    plane dropped incendiary bombs on Oregon.
  - 1948: After the withdrawal of Soviet forces from North Korea, the
    Democratic People's Republic of Korea was proclaimed with Pyongyang
    as its capital.
  - 1957: President Eisenhower signed the first civil rights bill
    Congress passed since Reconstruction.
  - 1963: Alabama Gov. George Wallace was served a federal injunction
    when he ordered state police to bar African-American students from
    enrolling in white schools.
  - 1971: Prisoners rioted and seized control of Attica Correctional
    Facility near Buffalo, N.Y.
  - 1975: Czech tennis player Martina Navratilova asked for political
    asylum in the U.S.
  - 1985: President Reagan ordered sanctions against South Africa.
  - 1993: Arch foes Israel and the Palestine Liberation Organization
    agreed to recognize each other, clearing the way for an end to the
    century-old conflict between Arabs and Jews.

  *Happy Birthday*
  ----------------
  - Angela Cartwright, 46, actress, "Lost in Space"
  - Hugh Grant, 38, actor, "Four Weddings and a Funeral"
  - Brett Hull, 34, NHL right wing, named NHL MVP in 1991, holds
    single-season RW scoring record with 86 goals
  - Michael Keaton, 47, actor, "Batman"
  - George Lazenby, 59, actor, played James Bond in "On Her Majesty's
    Secret Service"
  - Billy Preston, 52, musician
  - Cliff Robertson, 73, actor, Academy Award winner for Best Actor in
    "Charly"
  - Adam Sandler, 32, actor/comedian, "Billy Madison," SNL
  - David Stewart, 46, musician, co-founder of the Eurythmics
  - Henry Thomas, 27, actor, "E.T."
  - (Chaim) Topol, 63, actor, "Fiddler on the Roof"
  - Roger Waters, 55, musician, co-founder Pink Floyd