- 1857: Atlantic Monthly magazine was first published.
               - 1865: Confederate troops under Gen. Lee surrendered to Union troops
                 under Gen. Grant at Appomattox, ending the Civil War.
               - 1888: Jack the Ripper's fifth and last known victim, Mary Jane
                 Kelly, was found in her room in London's Whitechapel.
               - 1906: President Theodore Roosevelt became the first president to
                 officially visit other countries when he made a trip to Puerto Rico
                 and Panama.
               - 1918: Kaiser Wilhelm II of Germany abdicated and a council of
                 People's delegates assumed power.
               - 1927: In China, the giant panda was discovered.
               - 1934: Astronomer/author Carl Sagan ("Cosmos") was born in Brooklyn
                 (d: 1996; cancer).
               - 1935: Japan invaded Shanghai, China.
               - 1938: Anti-Jewish riots took place in Germany after the murder of a
                 German official in Paris. The streets were littered with glass and
                 the night became known as "Kristallnacht" (Crystal Night).
               - 1944: The Red Cross won the Nobel peace prize.
               - 1953: The Supreme Court upheld a ruling that major-league baseball
                 was a sport, not a business, and federal antitrust laws did not
                 apply.
               - 1965: A huge power failure blacked out New York City, parts of
                 eight northeastern states and parts of Canada, affecting 30 million
                 people.
               - 1967: The first Saturn V rocket carrying the unmanned Apollo 4
                 spacecraft was successfully launched from the Kennedy Space Center.
               - 1976: The U.N. General Assembly endorsed 10 resolutions condemning
                 apartheid in South Africa, including one that said the white-only
                 government was "illegitimate."
               - 1980: Iraqi President Saddam Hussein declared a holy war against
                 Iran.
               - 1989: East Germans on foot and in cars began arriving in West
                 Germany and West Berlin only hours after the East German government
                 threw open its border to the West.

               *Happy Birthday*
               ----------------
               - Lou Ferringo, 47, actor/body builder, "The Incredible Hulk"
               - Bob Gibson, 63, MLB pitcher/sportscaster, nine Gold Gloves, two NL
                 Cy Young Awards
               - Whitey Herzog, 67, MLB player/manager, three-time St. Louis
                 Cardinals World Series champ
               - Hedy Lamarr, 85, actress, "Samson and Delilah"
               - Sargent Shriver, 83, attorney, first Peace Corps director