- 1065: Westminister Abbey opened.
                     - 1832: John C. Calhoun became the first vice president of the United
                       States to resign, stepping down over differences with President
                       Andrew Jackson.
                     - 1846: Iowa became the 29th state to be admitted to the Union.
                     - 1849: Dry cleaning was accidentally discovered when M.
                       Jolly-Bellin, a tailor, upset a lamp containing turpentine and oil
                       on his clothes and noticed its cleaning effect.
                     - 1869: William Finley Semple of Mount Vernon, Ohio, patented chewing
                       gum.
                     - 1877: John Stevens of Neenah, Wisc., applied for a patent for his
                       flour rolling mill which boosted production by 70 percent.
                     - 1895: The Lumiere brothers held the first commercial exhibition of
                       projected motion pictures in the first movie theater in Paris.
                     - 1905: In response to threats from President Theodore Roosevelt, a
                       62-college conference was called, eventually forming the
                       Intercollegiate Athletic Association of the U.S,. which would
                       become the National Collegiate Athletic Association.
                     - 1945: Congress officially recognized the Pledge of Allegiance to
                       the flag of the United States.
                     - 1949: 20th Century Fox announced it would produce TV programs.
                     - 1950: Advancing Chinese troops crossed the 38th Parallel, the
                       dividing line between North and South Korea, to help the communist
                       North Koreans fight American-led United Nations forces.
                     - 1963: Merle Haggard made his first appearance on the country chart
                       with "Sing a Sad Song."
                     - 1967: Muriel Siebert became the first women to own a seat on the New
                       York Stock Exchange.
                     - 1973: Alexander Solzhenitsyn published "Gulag Archipelago," an
                       expose of the Soviet prison system that led to his expulsion from
                       the Soviet Union.
                     - 1976: Genie Francis joined the soap "General Hospital" as Laura
                       Vining, later to be one-half of Luke and Laura.
                     - 1983: Beach Boy Dennis Wilson, 39, drowned while taking a dip in the
                       Pacific Ocean from his boat moored in Marina Del Rey, Calif.
                     - 1984: "The Edge Of Night" last aired after a 28-year run.
                     - 1987: The bodies of 14 relatives of R. Gene Simmons were found at
                       his home near Dover, Ark., after Simmons had gone on a shooting
                       spree in Russellville that claimed two other lives.

                     *Happy Birthday*
                     ----------------
                     - Willow Bay, 35, TV host
                     - Ray Bourque, 38, NHL defenseman
                     - Elizabeth Jordan Carr, 17, the first American test tube baby
                     - Alex Chilton, 48, singer/musician, Big Star
                     - Joe Diffie, 40, country singer/guitarist
                     - Don Francisco, 57, variety show host, "Sabado Gigante"
                     - Malcolm Gets, 35, actor, "Caroline In The City"
                     - Ray Knight, 46, MLB third baseman, former coach
                     - Stan Lee, 76, comics artist, created Spiderman, Incredible Hulk
                     - Nichelle Nichols, 62, actress, "Star Trek"
                     - Dame Maggie Smith, 64, actress
                     - Everson Walls, 39, NFL cornerback
                     - Denzel Washington, 44, actor
                     - Edgar Winter, 52, singer/musician, Edgar Winter Group