- 1533: Spanish conqueror Francisco Pizarro ordered the assassination
                 of the last Incan King of Peru, Atahualpa.
               - 1640: English King Charles I signed a peace treaty with Scotland.
               - 1742: Edmond Hoyle published his "Short Treatise" on the card game
                 whist.
               - 1758: The New Jersey Legislature formed the first Indian
                 reservation.
               - 1776: In the American Revolution, the Americans withdrew from
                 Manhattan to Westchester.
               - 1842: The Treaty of Nanking was signed between the British and
                 Chinese, ending the first Opium War. The treaty confirmed the
                 ceding of Hong Kong island to Britain.
               - 1862: Gen. John Pope and 75,000 Federal troops were defeated by
                 55,000 Confederate troops under Gen. Stonewall Jackson and Gen.
                 James Longstreet at the second battle of Bull Run.
               - 1885: The first motorcycle was patented, built by Gottlied Daimler
                 in Germany.
               - 1915: Actress Ingrid Bergman ("Casablanca," "Anastasia," "Murder on
                 the Orient Express") was born in Stockholm. She died on this day in
                 1982 in London.
               - 1916: Congress created the Naval reserve. Gen. Von Hindenburg
                 became German Chief of Staff, controlling all German land forces
                 during World War I.
               - 1943: Denmark abandoned its policy of co-existing with occupying
                 Germans and began an uprising. The entire remaining Danish navy
                 fleet of about 30 vessels and some submarines was scuttled.
               - 1945: The British liberated Hong Kong from Japan; Gen. MacArthur
                 was named Supreme Commander of Allied Powers in Japan.
               - 1949: The Soviet Union tested its first atomic bomb.
               - 1957: Sen. Strom Thurmond ended his filibuster against a civil
                 rights bill - he talked for a record 24 hours, 18 minutes.
               - 1958: The Air Force Academy opened in Colorado Springs, Colo.
               - 1966: The Beatles played their last live concert to a crowd of
                 25,000 at Candlestick Park near San Francisco.
               - 1987: Actor Lee Marvin ("Cat Ballou," The Big Red One") died at 63.

               *Happy Birthday*
               ----------------
               - Sir Richard Attenborough, 75, actor/director, "Gandhi"
               - Bob Beamon, 52, long jumper, 1968 Olympic gold medalist
               - James Brady, 58, presidential aide/press secretary, wounded with
                 President Reagan in assassination attempt; spurred on the "Brady
                 Bill" handgun legislation
               - Rebecca de Mornay, 36, actress, "Risky Business"
               - William Friedkin, 59, producer/director, "French Connection"
               - Richard Gere, 48, actor, "Pretty Woman"
               - Elliott Gould, 60, actor, "M*A*S*H"
               - Michael Jackson, 40, singer
               - Robin Leach, 57, journalist/TV host, "Lifestyles of the Rich &
                 Famous"
               - George Montgomery, 82, actor, "Cimarron City," Hollywood westerns
               - Wyomia Tyus, 53, runner, first woman sprinter to win consecutive
                 Olympic gold medals in 100 meters (three total)